Lithium-ion battery (LIB) is a type of rechargeable energy storage system having been successfully applied in various fields. Improving the performance of LIBs relies significantly on the innovative and highly effective anode materials. In this study

porous carbon materials were prepared derived from camellia oleifera seed shells modulated with nanodiamond (ND) through hydrothermal carbonization method. The porous carbon structure with embedded NDs is used as anode achieving LIBs with abundant active sites

high specific capacities

long life spans

and excellent rate performance (194 mA h g

−1

after 5000 cycles at 5C). This research demonstrates a simple and efficient method for producing high-performance nanodiamond-based and biomass-derived porous carbons applied in LIBs.